The land here was platted around 1752 as Muellerstadt, after settler Jacob Muller, and the town was chartered in 1761. Woodstock has been the Shenandoah County seat since the county was formed, and the limestone courthouse on Main Street dates to 1795, with additions in 1871 and 1886. The old courthouse now holds a museum and visitor center. Main Street is also U.S. 11, the old Valley Pike, so the town's historic core and its through traffic share the same pavement.
The town sits in a bowl of ridges. To the east, Massanutten Mountain rises about 2,000 feet, topped by a stone tower the Civilian Conservation Corps built in 1935. The county's tourism office describes the roughly third-of-a-mile out-and-back walk to it as ending with 360-degree views over the river's bends. To the south, the North Fork of the Shenandoah River makes seven tight meanders, the reason the state park nearby carries that name. Elevation is about 784 feet, noticeably lower than Harrisonburg.
Daily life runs on Main Street and the fairgrounds. Locally owned shops, a brewhouse and several cafes line downtown, a community theatre has been operating since 1940, and a year-round Saturday market meets at the South Street Barn. The Shenandoah County Fair, harness racing and a fall Autumnfest keep the fairgrounds busy from late summer into fall. The county government offices are at 600 North Main Street, so many daily errands never leave town.